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Filament winding is a computer-controlled composite manufacturing process in which continuous fiberglass strands, pre-impregnated with resin, are wound around a rotating mandrel.
After curing and demolding, the result is a seamless, high-strength composite cylinder — the foundation of today’s FRP storage and pressure tanks.
| Element | Description |
|---|---|
| Fibers | E-glass, C-glass, or carbon fiber |
| Resin Matrix | Unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, or epoxy |
| Mandrel | Steel, rubber, or collapsible composite |
| Winding Pattern | Hoop, helical, or polar winding angles |
View high-precision FRP winding machines →
Operated by manual or semi-automatic controls.
Suitable for small production batches and low-pressure tanks.
Cost-effective but limited precision.
Fully automated with servo-driven tension control and real-time angle programming.
Used for industrial-grade FRP tanks up to 4 meters in diameter.
Ensures uniform fiber distribution and repeatable strength performance.
| Machine Type | Typical Tank Size | Automation Level | Ideal Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Axis CNC | ≤ 1.5m dia | Semi-auto | Pipes, lab tanks |
| 4-Axis CNC | ≤ 3.5m dia | Full-auto | Industrial tanks |
| 6-Axis Robotic | ≤ 6m dia | Full-auto | High-pressure vessels |
Learn more about 4-axis filament winding systems →
The fiber orientation — determined by the winding angle — directly affects tank strength and performance.
| Pattern | Description | Typical Application |
|---|---|---|
| Hoop Winding (90°) | Maximum hoop strength | Pressure vessels |
| Helical Winding (±45°) | Balanced axial/hoop load | Water tanks |
| Polar Winding (Variable) | Complex geometries | Domed ends, nozzles |
Modern design software simulates stress distribution, optimizing the fiber-to-resin ratio for minimum weight and maximum structural efficiency.
E-glass: Standard option; low cost and good tensile strength.
C-glass: Better chemical resistance for corrosive storage.
Carbon fiber: Used in high-pressure or aerospace-grade tanks.
Unsaturated polyester: General-purpose tanks.
Vinyl ester: Acid and alkali-resistant.
Epoxy: High mechanical load capacity and dimensional stability.
Browse FRP chemical storage tanks →
Mandrel Preparation: Apply release agent or heat-resistant film.
Fiber Impregnation: Fiberglass strands pass through resin bath for uniform wetting.
Controlled Winding: CNC unit lays fibers in programmed angles.
Curing: Heat or ambient curing for complete polymerization.
Demolding & Finishing: Remove mandrel, trim edges, and install accessories.
Testing: Hydrostatic and ultrasonic tests ensure strength and tightness.
Typical curing temperature: 60–80°C; cycle time: 6–12 hours depending on size.
| Feature | Advantage |
|---|---|
| High Strength-to-Weight Ratio | 70% lighter than steel with equal tensile performance |
| Corrosion Resistance | Ideal for acids, alkalis, and seawater |
| Dimensional Accuracy | Controlled winding ensures uniform wall thickness |
| Reduced Maintenance | No welding seams or paint coatings |
| Customizable Design | Easy to adapt diameters, lengths, and nozzles |
FRP tanks made through filament winding deliver 30+ years of service life, even in demanding environments like chemical plants or desalination facilities.
Request FRP tank design consultation →
Water and wastewater treatment systems
Chemical and petrochemical storage
Firefighting water reservoirs
Seawater desalination plants
Biogas and industrial processing units
Because the winding process allows pressure rating up to 1.5 MPa, these tanks are ideal for pressurized liquid storage.
In 2025, the global filament winding machine market is projected to reach USD 480 million, driven by automation and composite adoption in Asia and the Middle East.
New trends include:
AI-assisted winding pattern optimization
Resin transfer automation for cleaner production
Hybrid glass-carbon composites for higher mechanical performance
Explore FRP tank production line configurations →
Filament winding technology represents the core of modern FRP tank manufacturing — combining precision, durability, and design flexibility.
For buyers and engineers, it offers long-term cost efficiency, superior corrosion protection, and adaptability across industries.
As automation advances, the gap between FRP and traditional metal tanks continues to widen — both technically and economically.
